Tenses

Tenses adalah suatu gambaran atau penjelasan kapan suatu peristiwa, berita, pernyataan, tindakan, terjadi dalam kalimat.

1. Simple present
Used for actions in the present, for things that are always true or that happen regularly, and for opinions, and beliefs.
    Rumus:
    Positif       : S + V1 (s/es) + O/C
    Negatif     : S + Do/Does + Not + V1 + O/C
    Question   : Do/Does + S + V1 + O/C
    Example:
    1. I read a book. ( + )
    2. I do not read a book. ( - )
    3. Do I read a book? ( ? )
    4. He studies english.
    5. He does not study english. ( - )
    6. Does he study english? ( ? )
    7. You are a student. ( + )
    8. You are not student. ( - )
    9. Are you a student? ( ? )
    Note: Subject He, She, It and Third person singular ends in "s/es".
    They / We / I / You  help. ( do not help )
    He / She / It helps. ( does not help )

    Exercise:
    1. Ms. Alfi works in a factory. ( Work, Works )
    2. You and I sleep every night. ( Sleep, Sleeps )
    3. My father's friend has many children. ( Have, Has )
    4. Mr. Jhon, Andrew and I go home early. ( Go, Goes )
    5. Mr. Jhon together with me go to class late. ( Go, Goes )

2. Present Continuous/Progressive
Used for actions or events that are happening or developing now, for future plans, or to show that an events is repeated.
    Rumus :
    Positif      : S + Be + Ving + O/C
    Negatif    : S + Be + Not + Ving + O/C
    Positif      : Be + S + Ving + O/C
    Example:
    1. Mr. Hendi is standing now. ( + )
    2. Ms. Selly is thinking now. ( + )
    3. Ms. Verly and Mr. Hendy are sitting at this time. ( + )
    4. Mr. Hendy is not standing now. ( - )
    5. Is Mr. Hendy standing now? ( ? )

    I                            am helping. ( am not helping )
    They / We / You   are helping. ( are not helping )
    He / She / It          is helping. ( is not helping )

3. Present Perfect
Used to show that an event happend or an action was completed at some time before the present.
Rumus :
    Verbal    : S + Have / Has + V3
    Nominal : S + Have / Has + Been + Adj / Adv / Noun
    Example:
    They / We / I / You have halped. (have not helped)
    He / She / It has helped. (has not helped)

    She has been sick.
    Sugeng has been here.
    Teddy has been to london.

    I have a car. (mempunyai)
    I have to eat. (harus)
    I have got a car. (informal)
    I have got to eat. (informal)
    I have eaten. (sudah)
    I have taken a bath. (sudah)
    I have had dinner. (sudah)
    I have lunch. (saya makan siang)

4. Present Perfect Continuous / Progressive
Used for actions or events that started in the past but are still happening now, or for past actions that only finished recently and whose effects are seen now.